Blog & Insights

Why CPO is not an optics story — it is a process-integration story. AI Infrastructure Notes | Part 2 Sinclair Huang Everyone says AI needs more bandwidth. That part is true. As AI clusters scale from thousands of accelerators to tens of thousands, and then toward million-GPU-scale systems, the network stops being a background layer. It becomes part of the compute fabric itself. Copper reaches its distance, power, and signal-integrity limits. Optical interconnect moves closer to the switch ASIC. Co-packaged optics becomes the logical next step. ...

** In a world of infinite content and scalable intelligence, the scarcest resource may no longer be intelligence itself — but the ability to truly see another human being, and to be seen in return.** By Sinclair Huang I walked into a bookstore — and realised something uncomfortable A few days ago, I walked into a bookstore. Surrounded by shelves of books — many of them thoughtful, deeply human, and difficult to summarise — I had a quiet realisation: ...

Everyone Is Betting on AI — But Almost No One Asks: Where Are You Standing?The AI boom is real. The harder question is where value, risk, and leverage accumulate inside the stack. Position matters more than opinion. Over the past few weeks, I have been thinking about AI through a different question: Why can the same AI cycle feel so powerful in markets, yet so uncertain in daily life? My own view is more optimistic than pessimistic. ...

Work, ownership, and the new architecture of economic security By Po-Sung(Sinclair) Huang For decades, people believed that working hard was enough. In the AI era, that assumption is quietly breaking. Not because work disappears, but because ownership matters more than ever. In the AI era, relying on labour income alone is no longer a neutral choice. It is an active form of risk. That sentence may sound harsh. But it captures a structural shift that many people can already feel, even if they do not yet have the language for it. They feel it in markets. In career anxiety. In the fear of being left behind by a technology wave they did not ask for, do not fully control, and may not directly benefit from. ...

From dBase and enterprise systems to the internet revolution and generative AI, I have come to see AI not as a sudden break, but as the latest step in a long slope of automation now reaching human cognitive work itself.* By Po-Sung(Sinclair) Huang I did not decide to write this essay because AI suddenly became fashionable. It came out of two images that collided in my mind. One was a group of younger people trying to imagine new ventures built around AI. The other was the story of a father facing a rare disease so obscure it seemed to leave almost no path forward, and yet continuing, late into the night, to search for a way through with the help of computation, search, and structured reasoning. ...

From compute bottlenecks to industrial consequences — where value may actually concentrate through 2030 Series: AI Compute Supply Chain | Part 5 of 5 Author:* Po-Sung(Sinclair) Huang |For the past four articles in this series, I have written about CoWoS, HBM, ABF substrates, SEC filings, and the fault lines that could eventually crack today’s moats. On the surface, that may look like a semiconductor series. It is not. What these articles really reveal is something larger: AI is no longer just a software story, and no longer just a model race. It is becoming an industrial system — one that depends on power, cooling, capital expenditure, advanced packaging, memory bandwidth, substrate materials, qualification cycles, and the physical discipline of manufacturing scale. ...

TurboQuant, HBM demand reversal, geopolitics, and glass substrates — not a doomsday scenario, but a disciplined analysis. Series: AI Compute Supply Chain | Part 4 of 5 Author: Sinclair Huang Four pressure vectors. Four clocks are already ticking. The question is not whether these moats will last forever — it’s whether you know which one breaks first. I developed a habit during my years in the electronics industry that I haven’t been able to shake in research and writing: every time I become confident about something, I force myself to find the strongest argument against it. ...

A new study in Nature Machine Intelligence suggests AI may do more than summarise knowledge or accelerate discovery. It may begin to shape which scientific questions are noticed first. When AI Starts Predicting the Next Scientific QuestionWe have grown used to thinking about AI as an answer machine. It summarises papers, organises data, generates hypotheses, and accelerates analysis. In that familiar picture, AI helps scientists move faster toward results that humans still define. ...

Customer prepayments, HBM margin structure, capital expenditure intensity — the numbers say more than the narratives do.Series: AI Compute Supply Chain | Part 3 of 5 By Po-Sung(Sinclair) Huang The previous article built a framework. This one tests it with documents. Before writing this piece, I set aside the analyst summaries and went to the source: TSMC’s 2024 20-F filed with the SEC on April 17, 2025; Micron’s most recent 10-K and two 10-Q filings; and SK Hynix earnings call transcripts for the past three quarters. ...

What EDM Reveals About the Twin Structure of Scientific Innovation EDM is not just a better academic metric. It points to a deeper truth: real breakthroughs often emerge through parallel convergence, not singular genius. A new paper on the Embedding Disruptiveness Measure (EDM) — a method designed to detect truly disruptive science — raises an old question: why do we remember breakthroughs as if they belonged to one person? In recent weeks, much of my writing has focused on AI infrastructure, supply-chain leverage, and the hidden concentration of power beneath the semiconductor stack. But behind those industrial bottlenecks lies a deeper upstream question that has stayed with me: how do real breakthroughs actually emerge, and why are they so often remembered as the victory of a single name? ...